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Le Samourai [1971] (REGION 1) (NTSC)
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"Le Samourai" (1967)
Review date: 2008-02-02 Rating: 10 out of 10
An empty room. No, not empty. In the shadows we can barely see a man on the bed. He lights a cigarette, and smoke coils up toward a wisp of light from the window. After a time the man gets up, fully dressed, and moves to a hat stand near the door. He puts on his fedora, adjusting the brim with delicate precision, and goes out into the street.
Like a painter or a musician, a filmmaker can suggest complete mastery with just a few strokes. Jean-Pierre Melville involves us in the spell of ``Le Samourai'' (1967) before a word is spoken. He does it with light: a cold light, like dawn on an ugly day. And color: grays and blues. And actions that speak in place of words.
The man hot-wires a car, and drives it down a forlorn street to a garage where the door gapes open. He wheels it inside. A mechanic is waiting, who changes the license plates. The driver waits and smokes. The mechanic opens a drawer and hands him papers. The driver extends his hand. For a handshake? No, for a gun. He pockets it. He hands the mechanic cash. Then he drives away. Not a word is spoken.
The man, named Jef Costello, is played by Alain Delon, the tough pretty boy of French movies. He was 32 when this movie was made, an actor so improbably handsome that his best strategy for dealing with his looks was to use a poker face. He seems utterly unaware here of his appearance; at times he seems to be playing himself in a dream. A ``beautiful destructive angel of the dark street,'' film critic David Thomson called him.
Costello is a killer for hire. The movie follows him with meticulous attention to detail while he establishes an alibi, kills a nightclub owner, survives a police lineup, is betrayed by those who hired him, and becomes the subject of a police manhunt that involves a cat-and-mouse chase through the Paris Metro. All the while he barely betrays an emotion.
Two women help supply his alibis. A woman named Jane loves him, we guess, although she has a rich lover and Jef knows it. (She is played by Nathalie Delon, his real-life wife.) The other woman, a black musician named Valerie (Caty Rosier) who plays the piano in the nightclub, lies at the lineup and says she has never seen him. But she knows she has. Is she lying to help him? Or because she knows the men who hired him, and knows they do not want him caught? This question weighs on Costello's mind after he is betrayed by his employers, and he goes to see the piano player, who is utterly fearless even though he might kill her. Costello's women seem to reflect his own existential detachment: He does his job, he functions at the top of his ability, he has no values, he is a professional, there is no room for sentiment in how he lives.
``There is no solitude greater than a samurai's,'' says a quotation at the beginning of the film. ``Unless perhaps it is that of a tiger in the jungle.'' The quotation is attributed to ``The Book of Bushido,'' which I was disappointed to find out is fictional--a creation of Melville's. The quotation and the whole pose of the Costello character are meant to suggest a man who operates according to a rigid code. But as Stanley Kauffmann points out in his review, ``a samurai did not accept commissions to kill merely for money: honor and ethics were involved.''
Here the honor and ethics seem to be Jef Costello's loyalty to himself; a samurai was prepared to die for his employer, and Costello is self-employed. Perhaps he should have taken his text from a real book, ``The Code of the Samurai,'' from 16th century Japan. It begins with words Melville might well have quoted: ``One who is a samurai must before all things keep constantly in mind, by day and by night . . . the fact that he has to die. That is his chief business.''
The film is masterful in its control of acting and visual style. Against Delon's detachment and cold objectivity, Melville sets the character of the police inspector (Francois Perier), who barks commands over the police radio while masterminding the manhunt. He knows Jef is lying, but can't prove it, and there is a slimy scene where he tries to blackmail Jane into betraying Jef. Meanwhile, Jef tries to find the men who hired him, so he can get revenge.
One of the pleasures of ``Le Samourai'' is to realize how complicated the plot has grown, in its flat, deadpan way. With little dialogue and spare scenes of pure action (most of it unsensational), the movie devises a situation in which Jef is being sought all over Paris by both the police and the underworld, while he simultaneously puts his own plan into effect, and deals with both women.
The movie teaches us how action is the enemy of suspense--how action releases tension, instead of building it. Better to wait for a whole movie for something to happen (assuming we really care whether it happens) than to sit through a film where things we don't care about are happening constantly.
Melville uses character, not action, to build suspense. Consider a scene where one of the underworld hirelings calls on Costello, to apologize and hire him for another job, and Jef stares at him with utterly blank, empty eyes.
``Nothing to say?'' the goon says.
``Not with a gun on me.''
``Is that a principle?''
``A habit.''
Melville is in love with the processes of things in the movie. The sequence when Jef is tailed by cops on the underground has inspired several other films; police are stationed on every platform, but Costello hops in and out of cars, switches platforms and trains, and toys with them. There is also a lovingly directed sequence where two flatfoots plant a wire in Costello's apartment. And a final scene where Costello returns to the nightclub where the murder took place, and is able to resolve all the plot strands and make his own statement--all while essentially remaining passive.
Thomson wrote that this film is ``so tough that its impassive romanticism is not just fascinating, but nearly comic.'' Some of the comic details are so quiet they could be missed. Consider the bird in Costello's drab hotel room. It is a gray, shabby bird (of course) with an unpleasant chirp. Why would this man have a bird? Is it even his? Did it come with the room? The bird's chirp provides an amusing payoff after the cops wire the room and set up a tape recorder that records only . . . chirps, for a while. Apart from the bird, the room contains the following personal possessions of Costello: His trench coat, his fedora, his pack of cigarettes, and a bottle of mineral water. At one point, he walks over to an armoire, and on top of it, I was delighted to see, were rows of water bottles and neatly arranged packs of cigarettes. You smile because such details are a very quiet wink from Melville, telling you he knows what he's up to.
Jean-Pierre Melville (1917-1973) was born Grumbach but renamed himself after the American novelist. He was a hero of the French resistance. After the war, by starting his own studio and making independent films on small budgets, he essentially pointed the way for the French New Wave. ``I'm incapable of doing anything but rough drafts,'' he once said, but in fact ``Le Samourai'' is as finished and polished as a film can be.
The elements of the film--the killer, the cops, the underworld, the women, the code--are as familiar as the movies themselves. Melville loved 1930s Hollywood crime movies and in his own work helped develop modern film noir. There is nothing absolutely original in ``Le Samourai'' except for the handling of the material. Melville pares down and leaves out. He disdains artificial action sequences and manufactured payoffs. He drains the color from his screen and the dialogue from his characters. At the end, there is a scene that cries out (in Hollywood terms, anyway) for a last dramatic enigmatic statement, but Melville gives us banalities and then silence. He has been able to keep constantly in mind his hero's chief business.
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Reviews
Melville's version of a killer's code of honor. Carefully constructed, and cineastes will love it
Review date: 2007-07-17 Rating: 8 out of 10
Melville is one of my favorites, and not just Herman. A director like Jean-Pierre Melville, who can give us the wry humanity of Bob le Flambeur and the austere fatalism of Army of Shadows, is a man to be reckoned with. Le Samourai, on the other hand, left me unsure whether I was watching an homage to American gangster movies or a comedy routine. Whenever Jef Costello went walking quickly down the street or through a crowded nightclub, shoulders slightly hunched, hat pulled low over his face, hands thrust deep into the pockets of his trench-coat, collar pulled up, all I could think of was Bugs Bunny doing his cartoon take on Sam Spade. When Jef barges into the office of the owner of Martey's, I expected him to ask "What's up, doc?" before plugging the guy.
Don't get me wrong. There is much to admire in Le Samourai, not the least of which is the clarity and style of the film and the carefully constructed persona of Jef Costello (Alan Delon). Melville reportedly told Delon that Delon didn't need to act in the film, just be photographed. Delon scarcely moves a facial muscle throughout the film. In my view, this pushes the movie awfully close to film caricature...and would tip it right over if it weren't for the counter-balancing performances of Francois Perier, as the police superintendent determined to catch Costello, and Cathy Rosier, as the nightclub piano player. Perier just about steals the movie for me and Rosier is used to develop layers of ambiguity and possible betrayal. Delon gives us what Melville wanted, an artifice of movement, posture and expression, fascinating as time passes but with no more depth than a carefully dressed manikin in the window of an expensive shop. The gangster with a code of honor? That really is a Hollywood fairy tale, which Melville gives us without blinking an eye.
Le Samourai, for me, is a movie well worth watching, but is best enjoyed by those intrigued by style over substance. It's a sad day, however, when praise from such "stylists" as John Woo and Quentin Tarantino can be taken as proof of Melville's stature as a director. Woo and Tarantino are as different from Melville as Morton's table salt is from fleur de sel. Neither has shown himself capable of producing films such as Army of Shadows or Bob le Flambeur. Melville might be a stylist, but he used serious content on which to build style, and style almost always served content. Melville's curse, partly due to his own statements, is that he is the kind of director some cineastes love to natter about. "Creative art," Melville said, "is based on lies -- which can only be exploited properly, in my opinion, if one is not a liar in real life." This is a statement pregnant with apparent truth but which makes no sense at all...except to passionate film students. Melville is the sort of director cineastes can talk to death. Fortunately, we have his films to judge for ourselves. By all means buy and watch Le Samourai. But, please, also buy and watch Army of Shadows.
The Region 1 Criterion DVD transfer looks just fine to me, although sometimes on the dark side. Extras include archival interviews with Melville, Delon, Rosier and Nathalie Delon. There also is a substantial booklet which, among other articles, includes a John Woo piece, "The Melville Style." It first appeared in, what else, Cahiers du Cinema.
A masterpiece
Review date: 2007-04-10 Rating: 10 out of 10
Le Samourai is the ultimate in Jean Pierre Melville's essays on the gangster and his image, portraying a gun for hire-style assasin excellently played by the effortlessly cool Alain Delon. Every element of the film is near-perfect: the sparse, minimal style, the fantastic visuals - playing with stereotypical images of costumes, settings, Henri Decae's stunning cinematography, an awesome jazz score from Francois de Roubaix and an engaging noir-ish plot co-written by Melville. This film by one of France's ultimate auteurs is a clever and complex masterpiece.
Product Details/Specifications
Actor(s):
Jacques Leroy
Cathy Rosier
Nathalie Delon
Alain Delon
François Périer
Creators:
Alain Delon (Primary Contributor)
Nathalie Delon (Primary Contributor)
Henri Decaë (Cinematographer)
Jean-Pierre Melville (Writer)
Monique Bonnot (Editor)
Eugène Lépicier (Producer)
Raymond Borderie (Producer)
Director(s):
Recording label: Criterion
Manufacturer: Criterion
EAN: 0037429208526
Binding: DVD
Number of items: 1
Format: Colour, DVD-Video, Subtitled, Widescreen, NTSC,
Release date: 2005-10-25
Universal product code (UPC): 037429208526
Aspect ratio: 1.85:1
Audience rating: Parental Guidance
Region code: 1
Running time: 101 minutes
Theatrical release date: 1967
Language: French (Original Language)
Language: English (Subtitled)